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Insufficiency of exocrine pancreatic function. Symptoms of pancreatic insufficiency. What does ineffective treatment lead to?

21.10.2023

Every day the body receives portions of food that need to be digested and the nutritional components removed from them.

Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency is a dangerous disease that entails a disruption in the production of enzymes responsible for digesting food entering the stomach.

As a result, the human body does not receive enough vitamins and other active substances. In this article you can familiarize yourself with the pathophysiology of exocrine insufficiency (causes, mechanism and its outcome), as well as the principles of diagnosis, treatment and preventive measures.

What is the disease?

Digestion of food is considered one of the most complex processes in the body. It begins after the product enters the oral cavity and is moistened with saliva. Swallowed food enters the stomach, which secretes pepsin and hydrochloric acid.

After half an hour, food particles find themselves in the initial section of the small intestine - the duodenum. It is here that special enzymes are responsible for the digestion of food, the breakdown of fats and proteins, and the absorption of vitamins. They are produced by an organ of the digestive system - the pancreas, which breaks down large molecules into simple particles.

This organ performs vital functions in the human body. They are usually classified as follows:

  1. The exocrine function (external secretion) is the excretion of biologically active substances - lipase, amylase and protease - into the duodenum using the branched structure of ducts.
  2. Endocrine function (internal secretion) is associated with the work of the pancreatic islets, which produce hormones such as insulin, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide, somatostatin and ghrelin (“hunger hormone”).

In a healthy person, the pancreas produces enough enzymes and hormones, so it is able to fully digest food and maintain metabolic processes.

When the organ is unable to produce the required amount of enzymes, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency develops. As a result of the pathogenic process, vitamin deficiency and nutrient deficiency occur.

The complete absence or ineffective treatment leads to slow growth in childhood, diseases of the musculoskeletal system and a significant decrease in immunity, which threatens infection with various infections.

Causes of impaired enzyme production

Sugar level

According to statistics, 10% of the United States population is diagnosed with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency syndrome.

Medical research indicates a direct relationship between alcohol abuse and the development of pathology. Patients suffering from alcohol dependence are in a special risk group, since the disease manifests itself in 80% of cases.

The etiology of the pathology includes the influence of many factors. Violation of enzyme production occurs for congenital and acquired reasons.

Pancreatic insufficiency develops due to the progression of such congenital diseases:

  • cystic fibrosis is a genetic pathology of the respiratory and digestive system, it is characterized by the production of a viscous secretion that clogs the ducts of the pancreas, small bronchi and bronchioles;
  • Shwachman syndrome is a genetic disorder of the bone marrow and pancreas, which produces insufficient amounts of lipase;
  • lipomatosis is an increase in body weight as a result of excess deposition of adipose tissue.

Acquired causes include surgical removal of the pancreas and cell death due to pancreatitis. Pancreatitis is a disease characterized by the replacement of normal organ tissue with scar tissue. As a result, the production of enzymes decreases, and the digestive system is not able to fully digest food.

It is worth noting that chronic pancreatitis is diagnosed in adult patients. In childhood, the development of such a pathology is an extremely rare occurrence. Moreover, the risk of pancreatitis increases with diabetes.

In addition, factors affecting the occurrence of exocrine organ failure may be:

  1. Poor quality formations in the pancreas.
  2. Crohn's disease is an inflammation of one part of the digestive system.
  3. Celiac enteropathy is the body’s intolerance to gluten (the gluten protein of cereals).
  4. Dumping syndrome is a sharp increase in blood flow in the intestines due to insufficiently digested food from the stomach.
  5. Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is a condition that combines pathological processes such as the presence of tumors in the duodenum or pancreas, as well as excessive production of hydrochloric acid in the stomach.

Also, the occurrence of insufficiency may be influenced by undergoing surgery on the gastrointestinal tract.

Signs of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency

Experimental studies have proven that with a slight lack of pancreatic secretion, food will still be digested. In this regard, at the first stages of the development of the syndrome, a person may not feel any symptoms.

Thanks to experimental blocking of the production of pancreatic secretion, it was found that the intestines are able to absorb 63% of proteins and 84% of fats. Apparently, enzymatic activity is replaced by active substances secreted by the stomach and intestinal mucosa.

The clinical picture of the disease very often resembles other pathologies of the digestive system: peptic ulcers, irritable bowel syndrome, the presence of gallstones, etc.

The most common symptom of exocrine insufficiency is chronic diarrhea. Undigested food particles and mucus may be visible in the stool. This phenomenon is due to the fact that the body cannot fully absorb proteins and fats. In addition, feces have a distinct unpleasant odor.

Other signs of pathology are:

  • unconditional weight loss;
  • flatulence (excessive gas formation);
  • hypovitaminosis (hair loss and brittle nails);
  • rapid fatigue and loss of strength;
  • pica;
  • severe thirst and polyuria (rare);
  • severe girdling pain radiating to the back.

The pain is sometimes so severe that the patient has to be hospitalized and injected with painkillers.

Exacerbations are observed when taking fatty foods and alcoholic beverages. In such cases, vomiting and diarrhea are possible.

Basic diagnostic methods

First of all, the treating specialist must listen to the patient’s complaints. However, the history cannot speak exclusively of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. In addition, diarrhea may not develop for a long time, since the organ retains its functionality, although not to its fullest extent.

If there is obvious atrophy of the organ, laparoscopy or laparotomy is performed. If a patient has pancreatitis, surgery cannot be performed for diagnostic purposes. This is associated with significant adhesion and fibrosis.

The main laboratory tests that your doctor may order are stool and blood tests. As a rule, an increase in ALT activity, a decrease in the production of fats, polysaturated acids, cholesterol, amylase, lipase, isoamylase and phospholipase A2 may indicate a malfunction of the organ.

To establish why a violation of the exocrine function of the pancreas has occurred, it is necessary to undergo a computed tomography (CT) scan.

Only on the basis of all the above tests can a doctor make a diagnosis, and based on it, develop an individual and effective treatment regimen.

Therapy and preventive measures

Treatment of the disease includes two important components - special nutrition and replacement therapy. The diet excludes the consumption of difficult-to-digest fatty foods and alcoholic beverages. Instead, it is recommended to eat plant-based foods - fresh vegetables and fruits.

Various grains (millet, oatmeal, buckwheat) have a beneficial effect on the gastrointestinal tract. They contain a large amount of fiber, which is not completely digested in the stomach, but is a source of nutrients. To normalize the intestinal microflora, it is advisable to add low-fat fermented milk products to the menu. But if the stomach has high acidity, taking them is prohibited.

Substitution treatment is the gold standard in the fight against this disease. It involves taking medications that contain a pancreatic enzyme. Such drugs are able to break down proteins, fats and starch, facilitating the functioning of the organ.

The table below shows the main drugs used in the treatment of the disease.

Name Indications Contraindications
Pancreatin Cystic fibrosis, simultaneous intake of difficult-to-digest foods, increased gas formation, preparation for ultrasound and x-ray examination. Hypersensitivity to the components of the drug, intestinal obstruction, chronic or acute pancreatitis at the acute stage.
Festal Replacement treatment for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, non-infectious diarrhea, flatulence, impaired chewing of food during normal gastrointestinal function, simultaneous intake of difficult-to-digest foods, preparation for ultrasound and x-ray examination. Individual intolerance to the components of the drug, intestinal obstruction, exacerbated chronic or acute pancreatitis.
Mezim Replacement therapy for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, bloating, pancreatectomy, cystic fibrosis, dyspepsia, chronic pancreatitis, non-infectious diarrhea, condition after irradiation. Hypersensitivity to the components of the drug, chronic or acute pancreatitis at the acute stage.

To prevent the development of a pathological process, it is recommended to adhere to the following rules:

  1. Give up bad habits - smoking and alcohol.
  2. Switch to a balanced diet, limiting the intake of fatty foods.
  3. Take vitamin and mineral complexes.
  4. Eat small portions, but often (5-6 times a day).

What does ineffective treatment lead to?

Ignoring the disease or ineffective therapy leads to a lot of undesirable consequences and even death. Severe degree of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency leads to the development of peptic ulcers, cystic formations and gastritis.

Jaundice or low-quality tumors occur much less frequently. Also, a severe stage of the pathology can cause exacerbation of pancreatitis, which is very dangerous for the patient’s life.

During treatment for exocrine insufficiency, blood glucose levels should be checked regularly. Since pancreatic secretion is disrupted, it is likely that it will produce less of the hormone responsible for reducing sugar concentration. Otherwise, there is a risk of developing diabetes.

Another negative consequence of long-term therapy is the body’s addiction to painkillers, the active components of which are narcotic substances. Each time a person needs a larger dosage to eliminate pain. As is known, narcotic substances have a negative effect not only on the pancreas, but also on other internal organs.

It should be noted that self-medication and the use of traditional methods will not help cure the disease. Only timely complex therapy can guarantee a positive prognosis - successful recovery and prevention of the development of complications (diffuse changes in the organ and diabetes mellitus).

Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency is discussed in the video in this article.

Pancreatic insufficiency is a consequence of the destruction of its parenchyma. The functional tissues of the pancreas are destroyed, and their place is taken by connective tissue. It cannot produce enzymes and hormones, but only serves as a frame for the organ, giving it volume.

Exocrine insufficiency

The pancreas produces internal and external secretions. Internal secretions are hormones that enter the blood and regulate metabolism. The external secretion is digestive juice, the main component of which is digestive enzymes. Exocrine insufficiency implies a violation of the exocrine function of the pancreas.

The essence of the diet for pancreatic insufficiency can be:

  • Primary. It occurs more often. Caused by the death of functioning pancreatic cells
  • Secondary. The secretion is produced, but cannot enter the intestines due to obstruction of the pancreatic ducts. It is most often caused by the deposition of stones or thickening of pancreatic juice.

Symptoms of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency are mainly associated with impaired breakdown and absorption of food in the intestines. First of all, the breakdown of fats suffers, since the function of digesting proteins and carbohydrates is taken over by other organs. Symptoms of exocrine insufficiency include:

  • fat in stool
  • nausea after eating
  • progressive weight loss
  • abdominal pain
  • severe bloating

Correction of exocrine insufficiency

Primary exocrine pancreatic insufficiency cannot be eliminated. If the cells of an organ are dead, then they cannot be restored. When the pancreas consists of more than half of scars and fat, even surgical methods cannot correct the situation. At the same time, secondary pancreatic insufficiency can be corrected. Sometimes they resort to endoscopic operations for this, but sometimes conservative treatment is sufficient.

Primary exocrine insufficiency is more common. In most cases it is a consequence of acute or chronic pancreatitis. The main goal of treatment is to provide the patient with an acceptable quality of life. Considering that the pancreas is no longer able to fully perform its functions, pancreatin replacement therapy is prescribed, as well as a diet to reduce the load on the organ.

The essence of the diet for pancreatic insufficiency:

1. Fractional meals The organ affected by the pathological process is not able to cope with the digestion of large volumes of food, so the patient should eat it in small portions.

2. Alcohol ban Alcoholic drinks destroy the pancreas, can provoke exacerbation of chronic pancreatitis and lead to the development of complications.

3. Limit fat The pancreas has the hardest time digesting fat, so its amount in the diet should be minimal.

Pancreatin preparations are used for replacement therapy. They contain digestive enzymes obtained from the pancreas of pigs or bulls. These medications are taken with food. They improve digestion as they perform the same functions as enzymes produced by the pancreas.

Endocrine insufficiency

The pancreas performs not only exocrine, but also endocrine functions. It consists of the secretion of hormones that regulate metabolism. The main hormones of the pancreas include insulin and glucagon. Endocrine insufficiency is usually accompanied by a deficiency of insulin, an anabolic hormone whose most important function is the transport of glucose from the blood into the body's cells.

Symptoms of endocrine pancreatic insufficiency:

  • high blood glucose levels after eating
  • thirst
  • increased diuresis

This condition is called pancreatogenic diabetes mellitus. It develops in 20-25% of patients with chronic pancreatitis, usually no less than 10 years after the onset of the disease. The disease gradually progresses. The patient may need insulin or glucose-lowering drugs.

Sometimes secondary endocrine pancreatic insufficiency occurs. It occurs during acute pancreatitis or during an exacerbation of chronic inflammation of the pancreas. This insulin deficiency is temporary. It goes away on its own after a course of treatment for pancreatitis.

Glucagon deficiency is much less common. Its symptoms:

  • attacks of weakness, dizziness, tremors in the limbs, which can last from several hours to several days
  • mental state disorder (depression, anxiety, restlessness)
  • sometimes - muscle cramps
  • during attacks, depression or loss of consciousness is possible

Unfortunately, such patients often end up not with an endocrinologist, but with a psychiatrist. Diagnosing pancreatic insufficiency, accompanied by a decrease in glucagon secretion, is very difficult.

The pancreas is one of the most important organs in the human body system. When poor absorption of nutrients or indigestion occurs, other organs cannot function normally. If it is impossible to perform its functions, a malfunction occurs in the body, which leads to serious consequences. First of all, the functions of the pancreas are disrupted.

This organ is one of the largest in size in the internal secretory system. The pancreas synthesizes and produces special enzymatic elements that promote digestion. Compared to other systems, it is able to work at full capacity for a long period of time, without giving a person any signals that its performance is wearing out. The factors that provoke pancreatic diseases are very diverse. These include unhealthy and unbalanced diets, stressful situations, injuries of various kinds, and chronic diseases.

The most dangerous syndromes for the human body are pancreatitis and inflammation of internal tissues. The disease pancreatitis develops quickly and causes serious harm to health. This pathology occurs without pronounced symptoms, which leads to the fact that a person does not know about the disease for a long time. This provokes a change in the structure of the gland and the production of enzymes does not occur in full, which means the body cannot function normally, which affects the general well-being of the patient.

Most often, doctors diagnose patients with exocrine insufficiency. This diagnosis is a consequence of pancreatitis, which occurs in a chronic form. Exocrine disease leads to inflammation of internal organs, in particular the pancreas. This disease contributes to the patient’s ability to work, and in severe cases the patient becomes disabled.

A sign of the disease is poor absorption of nutrients into the soft tissues of the organ. The breakdown process is disrupted when food enters the body. The number of patients with this diagnosis is growing every year. To a greater extent, the person himself becomes the culprit of his diagnosis. Since, in pursuit of fashion, girls begin to starve or completely refuse to eat. The same can be said for people who consume excessively fatty foods.

Important! All this leads to pancreatic disorder.

Causes and types of exocrine insufficiency

The disease is classified depending on factors, size, and the presence of other disorders in the body. There are two types of exocrine insufficiency:

  • acquired - occurs in people who have chronic pancreatitis syndrome;
  • congenital - specific anomalies are transmitted according to the genetic code, which block the normal production of nutritional enzymes.

Exocrine insufficiency of pancreatic disease has its own qualifications, depending on the condition and its spread to neighboring organs of the system. A secondary form of the disease is identified, in which enzyme elements are produced. But the peculiarity of the disease is not the synthesis of substances in the small intestine and duodenum. An inactivation process occurs in the pancreas, which complicates the health condition. There is also such a classification as the aerphic form of the disease, in which disorders occur in the pancreas itself, provoked by improper synthesis of enzyme substances.


Description:

As the inflammatory process in the pancreas progresses in patients with chronic pancreatitis, the glandular (secretory) tissue of the organ is gradually replaced by connective, or scar, tissue. As a result, the number of secretory (acinar) cells in the pancreas decreases, which, under physiological conditions, in response to the entry of food into the lumen of the duodenum, secrete into the intestine a secret rich in digestive enzymes and alkali (pancreatic juice).

It contains the entire spectrum of enzymes capable of digesting proteins, fats, carbohydrates, but only lipase, an enzyme that ensures the breakdown of fat into fatty acids and soaps in the presence of bile, has no significant “understudies” in the digestive tract. Therefore, in conditions of a decrease in the number of secretory cells, it becomes more likely that the amount of juice released into the lumen of the duodenum will be insufficient for the process of digestion and subsequent absorption, first of all of fats and fat-soluble vitamins, and only then of proteins and carbohydrates.

Experts call this condition exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Further progression of inflammatory-scarring changes in the pancreas may lead to the addition of disturbances in the endocrine function of the organ with the development.


Symptoms:

The most typical manifestation of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency is poor tolerance to fatty foods, especially fried and smoked foods. As a result, after consuming it, a feeling of heaviness in the stomach and copious, mushy “fatty” stools appears, the so-called pancreatic (excretion of fat in feces). The frequency of bowel movements usually does not exceed 3-6 times a day. A fairly simple and easily determined criterion for increased “fat content” of feces is its ability to leave marks on the toilet that are difficult to wash off with water.

There may be bloating and colicky pain in the abdomen. Limiting the intake of fatty foods and taking digestive enzymes (see below) helps to reduce the severity of these symptoms and even their disappearance.

Manifestations of a deficiency of fat-soluble vitamins in the body can be pain in the bones, increased fragility and a tendency to convulsive muscle contractions (hypovitaminosis D), disorders in the blood coagulation system in the form of bleeding (hypovitaminosis K), twilight vision disorders, or “night blindness”, increased (hypovitaminosis A), susceptibility to infections, decreased libido, potency (hypovitaminosis E).

Pale skin, rapid heartbeat, fatigue, decreased performance and other signs of B12 deficiency can be observed due to impaired absorption of the corresponding vitamin from food due to a lack of pancreatic proteases (enzymes that break down proteins). A decrease in body weight, as a result of insufficient intake of nutrients, indicates severe exocrine pancreatic insufficiency.


Causes:

The syndrome of primary exocrine pancreatic insufficiency is caused by a decrease in the mass of the functioning exocrine parenchyma of the pancreas as a result of fibrosis, or a violation of the outflow of pancreatic secretions into the duodenum (duodenum) due to blockage of the excretory ducts of the pancreas by a calculus, tumor, thick and viscous secretion. This is also typical for late stages of CP (absolute primary pancreatic insufficiency) or, as a rule, pathology of the large duodenal papilla (relative primary exocrine insufficiency). Secondary mechanisms for the development of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency include cases when a sufficient amount of pancreatic enzymes enter the duodenum, which do not take an adequate part in digestion due to insufficient activation, inactivation, and segregation disorders. The development of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in patients afterward is based on several mechanisms, both primary and secondary.


Treatment:

For treatment the following is prescribed:


An integral component of the treatment of manifestations of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency is the correction of diet and regimen. Among the main components of dietary and regimen recommendations:
frequent (intervals of no more than 4 hours) fractional (small) meals
avoid excess food intake, especially in the evening and at night
limiting the consumption of fats, primarily animals that have undergone heat treatment (frying, smoking)
complete abstinence from alcohol

As for specific food products, their composition is quite individual and is selected jointly by the patient and the doctor, often empirically. Considering the important role of nutrition in correcting the manifestations of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, the patient should first discuss all questions regarding expanding the diet and/or changing the regimen with his attending physician.

In conditions of limited intake of fatty and, often, protein foods into the body, carbohydrates come to the fore in providing the patient with energy. Of course, preference should be given not to refined carbohydrates (sweets), but to vegetables, fruits and cereals, as the main natural sources of not only plant fiber, but also essential vitamins and microelements. However, not all patients with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency tolerate plant foods equally well. In some patients, while taking such healthy and necessary foods as beans, peas, various types of cabbage, eggplants, wholemeal products, etc., gas formation in the digestive tract increases, which negatively affects their well-being.

A possible alternative to them could be regular consumption of food products containing high-quality fermented wheat bran “Rekitsen-RD” enriched with a vitamin and mineral complex. Their use in the diet of patients with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency will not only ensure that the body receives a sufficient amount of energy, but will also solve the existing problem of overcoming the deficiency of vitamins and micronutrients. In addition, such products are able to “unload” the pancreas, which has a positive effect on its functional activity.

The key medications in the treatment of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency are digestive enzymes (Pancreatin, Mezim-Forte, Panzinorm-Forte, Creon, etc.). They differ from each other only in the amount of lipase they contain and additional ingredients (stomach enzymes).

These medications must be taken with food. The number of tablets or capsules per dose can vary widely from 1 to 3-4, depending on the volume and composition of the food. To the greatest extent, enzyme preparations are indicated when eating foods rich in fats, and to a lesser extent in proteins.

The emphasis on the consumption of carbohydrate foods reduces the need for digestive enzymes, since the importance of the pancreas in their digestion is much less than that of proteins and especially fats. To increase the digestive ability of digestive enzymes, they are taken with proton pump blockers (omeprazole, pantoprazole, lanzoprazole, rabeprazole, esomeprazole), which create an alkaline reaction in the upper digestive tract, thereby favoring the action of enzymes.

A simple criterion for eliminating the manifestations of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency with digestive enzymes is the disappearance of diarrhea and normalization of body weight, as well as the disappearance of pancreatic steatorrhea according to clinical analysis of stool and a decrease (normalization - less than 7 g) in the fat content in stool per day.

Pancreatic insufficiency is a condition of the organ when it produces insufficient enzymes to maintain the normal digestion process. The disease is divided into several types, each of which has its own symptoms, causes of development and methods of treatment. The subsequent treatment plan and stabilization of the patient’s condition is based on determining the type of deficiency.

Types of the disease and the main reasons for its formation

Lack of pancreatic enzymes occurs in every fourth person. Conventionally, doctors divide all types of deficiency into 4 types:

  • enzymatic;
  • endocrine;
  • exocrine;
  • exocrine.

As for the main causes of the disease, doctors believe that in 80% of cases an unbalanced diet is to blame. Many people abuse fatty and salty foods. It loads the organ, which leads to pancreatic changes and changes in the production of certain enzymes. Other causes of pancreatic insufficiency include:

  • hereditary predisposition to the development of this disease;
  • low hemoglobin level;
  • lack of vitamins and beneficial microelements;
  • insufficient intake and absorption of protein;
  • exposure to strong viruses.

Acute and chronic pancreatitis can also cause pancreatic insufficiency. B vitamins are important for digestion. Without them, the liver, pancreas and other organs stop producing the necessary enzymes. If the amount of bile decreases, the digestive process will be difficult. If pancreatic insufficiency is observed, the listed groups of vitamins are included in the diet. The most difficult situation is for people with a hereditary predisposition to pancreatic dysfunction. Proper nutrition and an active lifestyle will help you avoid them. The only way out is to undergo periodic medical examinations.

Pancreatic insufficiency

“The pancreas was enlarged. I have been to more than one doctor. I even took hormones. Then I decided not to go to the doctors so often. A month ago I quit smoking, started actively playing sports, and eating more or less right. And most importantly, I started drinking “Monastic tea” (I heard about it in Malakhov’s program). And yesterday I went for a routine ultrasound, and they said to me: “Why did you even decide to see a doctor? You don’t have any pathologies.” The pancreas is of normal size and hormones are normal!!! I was stunned with happiness!
Svetlana Nikitina, 35 years old.
Nizhny Novgorod

Protein molecules and compounds are involved in the process of digesting food. If a person is deficient in them, pancreatic enzyme deficiency occurs. This disease is formed under the influence of medications, some types of infections, dysbacteriosis and congenital abnormalities in the structure of the organ. Its main symptoms include:

  • severe colic;
  • general weakness;
  • loose stools;
  • increased gas formation;
  • nausea;
  • weight loss;
  • problems with appetite.

Pancreatic enzymatic insufficiency is detected by a blood test. Check the glucose level in the body. This way you can determine the amount of insulin produced. Stool analysis plays an important role in the study. If it contains fat, the patient suffers from deficiency. It is treated with a high-calorie diet and medications containing enzymes necessary for digestion.

Exocrine insufficiency

This disease is characterized by insufficient production of enzymes necessary for processing nutrients from food. Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency is characterized by a gradual decrease in the number of cells that produce certain secretions. The first sign diseases - sensitivity to fatty and spicy foods. The body cannot digest it normally, so there are problems in the gastrointestinal tract. A person feels a constant heaviness in the stomach. The patient also experiences the following manifestations of the disease:

  • bone pain;
  • loose and greasy stools;
  • convulsions;
  • rapid heartbeat.

Blood counts change. Against the background of poor digestibility, other anomalies develop. The main reason for the development of this disease is considered to be a reduction in the volume of parenchyma. The disease is observed when secretions flow into the duodenum. Treatment of certain diseases can provoke insufficient production of enzymes that process substances coming from food. Treatment of the disease consists of normalizing nutrition. Food is taken in small portions. It is necessary to exclude fatty, spicy and very salty foods from the diet.

Endocrine insufficiency

Endocrine insufficiency in some sources is called intrasecretory. It is associated with impaired production of insulin, glucagon and lipocaine. These disorders harm not only the digestive system, but the entire body. The main reason for the development of this form of the disease is damage to the areas of the pancreas that are responsible for the production of hormones. The disease is manifested by vomiting, fever, diarrhea and an increased amount of feces.

Treatment of the disease involves the patient following a strict diet. The patient needs to monitor his sugar level. To do this, not only products containing sucrose are removed from the menu, but also those that cause sharp jumps in blood glucose levels. Preference is given to products with low GI. When they are consumed, the pancreas works less.

Exocrine insufficiency

A friend persuaded me to try Monastic Tea. She had pancreatitis - and imagine, it was gone! Even her doctor was very surprised. My diagnosis is pancreatic inflammation. I've been suffering from this for a long time. Pills, IVs, hospitals – these have been the norm for me for the last 5 years. And it’s only been two weeks since I started drinking Monastic Tea, and I already feel much better. I hope to surprise my doctor at my next appointment.
Elena Shugaeva, 47 years old
Saint Petersburg

This type of disease is characterized by insufficient production of juices for the digestive process. It manifests itself mainly as flatulence, bowel dysfunction and nausea. It does not arise spontaneously. It is preceded by the appearance of various anomalies in the functioning of organs. Problems with the stomach, the presence of foci of inflammation on the gland itself, poor nutrition and problems with the functioning of the gallbladder lead to exocrine insufficiency.

If you have been diagnosed with this condition, you should definitely check your blood sugar levels. If sugar levels are elevated, the patient is prescribed a strict diet. Vitamins are also added to the diet IN And WITH groups. To improve digestion, doctors prescribe medications to patients that contain certain beneficial groups of enzymes.